Experts are cautioning about the potential presence of a harmful chemical in widely used supplements and medications that are popular for promoting good health. Many multivitamins and various supplements are delivered in gel capsules designed for ease of ingestion.
These capsules, featuring a liquid core enclosed in a soft, flexible shell, often contain plasticisers known as phthalates, which have been associated with various health issues. Phthalates, classified as endocrine disruptors, have the potential to disrupt hormone systems, potentially impacting reproductive development, fertility, and hormone equilibrium.
Studies have linked phthalates to birth defects, childhood allergies, and even heart disease. Craig Russell, a pharmacy lecturer at Aston University, highlighted the challenge in assessing phthalate safety due to the diverse types within this chemical family, each carrying distinct properties and risks. While not all phthalates are utilized in softgel capsules, significant exposure can occur from common sources like vinyl flooring, shower curtains, perfumes, and air fresheners.
Although phthalates in softgel capsules may not be the primary source of exposure, especially for individuals consuming multiple supplements daily, they remain noteworthy. Several phthalates are deemed safe for pharmaceutical use, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, and hypromellose phthalate, when properly employed. Conversely, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has been restricted in medicines due to its association with reproductive and developmental issues.
Research suggests that prolonged exposure to these chemicals may elevate the risk of conditions like insulin resistance, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease, particularly in children and pregnant women. Health regulators such as the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration have established clear guidelines for phthalate use in medications, encompassing intake limits and continual safety oversight.
However, in non-prescription drugs, oversight becomes less stringent. Many over-the-counter supplements are consumed without medical supervision, potentially leading to inadvertent surpassing of safe phthalate levels, especially when combined with other environmental exposures.
Maintaining awareness is crucial, as although phthalates in medicines are regulated, vigilance is necessary. Individuals concerned about phthalate exposure can review ingredient labels, consult with pharmacists, or seek phthalate-free alternatives. As scientific understanding advances, both regulators and manufacturers must continuously reassess the utilization of these chemicals to ensure safe practices.