NASA’s Mars rover has made a groundbreaking discovery of potential signs of life on the red planet. The rover identified 24 minerals in the Jezero Crater that point to volcanic rocks altered by water interactions, indicating habitable conditions in the past. The research, led by Rice University, suggests that Mars may have hosted environments suitable for life multiple times throughout its history.
The study revealed three distinct episodes in the crater’s history: high-temperature acidic water, neutral conditions over a larger area, and low-temperature alkaline conditions considered highly favorable for life. These findings were supported by the presence of specific minerals like greenalite, hisingerite, and ferroaluminoceladonite, each indicating different environmental conditions.
While the first group of minerals formed in harsh, acidic water, the second group formed in more neutral conditions, covering a larger part of the crater. The third group, formed in cooler, alkaline conditions, is believed to be the most conducive for life. The shift from extreme to milder conditions in Jezero over time suggests an evolution of habitable environments.
Co-author Kirsten Siebach noted that even though the hot, acidic conditions would have been challenging for life, similar extreme environments on Earth still support life. The presence of minerals like sepiolite indicates a transition to more life-friendly conditions over time in Jezero.
The rover’s data was analyzed using advanced tools like the Mineral Identification by Stoichiometry algorithm and the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry, aiding in mineral identification and interpretation. These findings provide valuable insights into Mars’ geological history and potential for supporting life.